02-meteorites
Florence Galliers
17/01/2021
Meteorite Data Set contains information about where and when meteorites were found or fell. There is a difference between a ‘found’ meteorite and a ‘fell’ meteorite. Those that are classified as ‘fell’ are those which were seen falling from the sky and later tracked down successfully, whereas those which were ‘found’ do not have a exact date or location of their falling.
meteorites <- readr::read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/master/data/2019/2019-06-11/meteorites.csv")##
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## cols(
## name = col_character(),
## id = col_double(),
## name_type = col_character(),
## class = col_character(),
## mass = col_double(),
## fall = col_character(),
## year = col_double(),
## lat = col_double(),
## long = col_double(),
## geolocation = col_character()
## )# start by summarising the count of meteorites per year
meteorites_total <- meteorites %>%
group_by(year) %>%
dplyr::summarise(Count = n())
# plot
plot(x = meteorites_total$year,
y = meteorites_total$Count,
type = "l")
# subset data for 1900 --> present
which.max(meteorites_total$year)## [1] 265meteorites_total[265,] # this is the year 2101? in the future... ## # A tibble: 1 x 2
## year Count
## <dbl> <int>
## 1 2101 1meteorites_total <- meteorites_total[-265, ]
which.max(meteorites_total$year)## [1] 264meteorites_total[264,] # the most recent is now 2013.## # A tibble: 1 x 2
## year Count
## <dbl> <int>
## 1 2013 11# subset data 1900-2013
meteorites_total <- meteorites_total %>%
subset(year > 1900)
# plot again
plot(x = meteorites_total$year,
y = meteorites_total$Count,
type = "l")
# still not that much happening up until 1970 - lets subset again
meteorites_total <- meteorites_total %>%
subset(year > 1970)
# plot again
plot(x = meteorites_total$year,
y = meteorites_total$Count,
type = "l")
# what about just fallen meteorites because those that were found may not have fallen in that year.
meteorites_total2 <- meteorites %>%
filter(fall == "Fell") %>%
group_by(year) %>%
dplyr::summarise(Count = n())
plot(x = meteorites_total2$year,
y = meteorites_total2$Count,
type = "l")
# again not much going on until 1750? so lets subset down
meteorites_total2 <- meteorites_total2 %>%
subset(year > 1750)
plot(x = meteorites_total2$year,
y = meteorites_total2$Count,
type = "l",
col = "black",
lwd = 2)
# group by decade
meteorites3 <- meteorites %>%
mutate(decade = year - year%%10) %>%
filter(decade>=1750, decade<=2005) %>%
select(name,mass,fall, year,decade, lat,long) %>%
drop_na()
# filter again to just fallen meteorites
meteorites_total3 <- meteorites3 %>%
filter(fall == "Fell") %>%
group_by(decade) %>%
dplyr::summarise(Count = n())# Downloaded title font from (https://www.dafont.com/galaxy-1.font)
# make objects containing text
subtitle <- "Fallen meteorites are those that were spotted falling and later located"
section1 <- "The idea of\nmeteorites was\nlargely rejected\nbefore the 1790s"
section2 <- "Scientific knowlegde of meteorites increased\nduring the 19th century, as well as the world\npopulation and education levels."
section3 <- "The number of meteorites has\nrecently stablised, there may\nalso be a time lag between a\nmeteorite falling and its\nappearance in records."
png(filename = "meteorites01.png", width = 30, height = 20, units = "cm", res = 300)
# plot
par(bg = "white", xpd = NA)
plot(x = meteorites_total3$decade,
y = meteorites_total3$Count,
type = "l",
col = "grey30",
lwd = 4,
xlab = "",
ylab = "",
bty = "n",
xaxt = "none", yaxt = "none",
cex.lab = 0.8,
col.lab = "grey50")
# add title
title("The Rise of Fallen Meteorites",
family = "Galaxy 1",
cex.main = 3,
col.main = "grey20")
# add y axis title
title(ylab = "No. of observed falls (av. over 10 year period)",
line = 1.2,
col.lab = "grey50",
cex.lab = 0.8,
family = "Courier")
title(xlab = "Year",
line = 1.5,
col.lab = "grey50",
cex.lab = 0.8,
family = "Courier")
# add subtitle
text(1915, 92, subtitle,
col = "grey30",
family = "Courier")
# x axis
axis(1, seq(1750, 2000, 10),
labels = F,
col = "grey50",
col.axis = "grey50",
tck = -0.005)
text(x = seq(1750, 2000, 10),
y = par("usr")[3] - 2,
labels = meteorites_total3$decade,
xpd = NA, srt = 35,
adj = 0.9, cex = 0.8,
col = "grey50",
family = "Courier")
# y axis
axis(2, seq(0, 90, 10),
las = 2,
col = "grey50",
col.axis = "grey50",
cex.axis = 0.8,
tck = -0.01,
line = -0.8,
family = "Courier")
# add rectangle for first section
rect(1750, 0, 1785, 90,
col = alpha("#99D6EA", 0.5),
border = "white")
# add text to first section
text(1767, 15, section1,
col = "grey30",
cex = 0.8,
family = "Courier")
# add rect for second section
rect(1786, 0, 1930, 90,
col = alpha("#FDD85D", 0.5),
border = "white")
# add text to second section
text(1850, 80, section2,
col = "grey30",
cex = 0.9,
family = "Courier")
# add rect for third section
rect(1931, 0, 2000, 90,
col = alpha("#6798C0", 0.5),
border = "white")
# add text to third section
text(1970, 80, section3,
col = "grey30",
cex = 0.8,
family = "Courier")
# add lines for important events
segments(1794, 0, 1794, 12,
col = "coral",
lwd = 2)
segments(1833, 0, 1833, 23,
col = "coral",
lwd = 2)
# add text for important events
text(1812, 5, "1794: Ernst Chladni,\n'father of meteoritics'\nhypothesised that\nmeteorites are rocks\nfrom space",
col = "coral",
family = "Courier",
cex = 0.6)
text(1855, 10,
"1833: Leonid Shower,\nsparked modern day\nawareness of meteorites\nand after this point\nscientific studies began",
col = "coral",
family = "Courier",
cex = 0.6)
lines(x = meteorites_total3$decade,
y = meteorites_total3$Count,
type = "l",
col = "grey30",
lwd = 4,
col.lab = "grey50")
# add points
points(x = meteorites_total3$decade,
y = meteorites_total3$Count,
pch = 8,
cex = 1.5,
col = "#6798C0")
dev.off()## quartz_off_screen
## 2Now for a plot using ggplot
# order the meteorites by their mass
meteorites_ordered <- meteorites[order(-meteorites$mass), ]
# find the top say 20 largest? and subset
top20 <- meteorites_ordered[1:20,]
# Convert mass from g to tonnes
top20$mass <- (top20$mass/1000000)
# plot mass as a bar chart, reordering names by mass
ggplot(top20,
aes(x = reorder(name, mass),
y = mass,
fill = class)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
coord_flip() + # flip axis so names down the side
labs(y = "Mass (tonnes)",
x = "")
# get the countries for each of these top 20 meteorites.
country <- map.where(database = "world",
top20$long, # use lat and long values from dataset
top20$lat)
country # entry 2 and 16 are NAs## [1] "Namibia" NA "Argentina" "USA" "China" "Namibia"
## [7] "Mexico" "Australia" "Russia" "Mexico" "Tanzania" "USA"
## [13] "Mexico" "China" "Australia" NA "Brazil" "USA"
## [19] "China" "Chile"top20$geolocation[2] # Greenland## [1] "(76.13333, -64.93333)"country[2] <- "Greenland"
top20$geolocation[16] # Brazil## [1] "(-26.21667, -48.6)"country[16] <- "Brazil"
# use country code to convert country name into iso2 code ready to use with ggflag
country_code <- countrycode(country,
"country.name",
"iso2c")
# change to lower case
country_code <- tolower(country_code)
# bind country code with top 20
top20c <- cbind(top20, country_code)
# combine some classes
top20c$class <- factor(top20c$class)
levels(top20c$class)## [1] "H5" "Iron, IAB-MG" "Iron, IAB-ung"
## [4] "Iron, IC" "Iron, IIAB" "Iron, IIIAB"
## [7] "Iron, IIIE" "Iron, IVA" "Iron, IVB"
## [10] "Iron, ungrouped" "Mesosiderite-A1" "Pallasite, PMG-an"levels(top20c$class) <- c("Stony Chondrites",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Iron (Metallic)",
"Stony-Iron",
"Stony-Iron")
top20c$class <- factor(top20c$class, levels = c("Iron (Metallic)", "Stony-Iron", "Stony Chondrites"))
# create new column combining name of meteorite and year it fell
top20c$title <- paste(top20c[ , 1],",", top20c[ , 7])
# now replot including flags
meteorites02 <- ggplot(top20c,
aes(x = reorder(title, mass), y = mass, fill = class)) +
geom_segment(aes(x = reorder(title, mass), xend = title,
y = 0, yend = mass,
color = class),
size = 3, alpha = 0.2) +
geom_segment(aes(x = reorder(title, mass), xend = title,
y = 0, yend = mass,
color = class),
size = 1, alpha = 0.8) +
geom_flag(aes(x = reorder(title, mass), y = 0,
country = country_code),
size = 6) +
geom_label(label = round(top20$mass, 0),
nudge_y = 1,
colour = "white",
family = "Avenir",
show.legend = F) +
geom_label(label = "Mass in tonnes",
x = 8.5, y = 48,
colour = "white",
fill = "grey60",
family = "Avenir") +
scale_color_manual(values = c("#8B8682", "coral", "#ffcc00")) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("#8B8682", "coral", "#ffcc00")) +
coord_flip(clip = "off") +
labs(title = "Name of Meteorite, Year Country Mass in Tonnes",
y = "",
x = "") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0,
colour = "#615d5b",
family = "Avenir",
size = 10),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white"),
plot.title = element_text(colour = "#8B8682",
family = "Avenir",
size = 8,
vjust = 0,
hjust = 1),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
plot.margin = unit(c(1, 1, 1, 1), "cm"),
legend.title = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(0.77, 0.33),
axis.title.x = element_text(colour = "#615d5b",
family = "Avenir",
size = 10),
axis.text.x = element_blank(),
axis.line.x = element_blank()
) +
annotate("text",
x = 12,
y = 48,
label = "The largest meteorites found\non earth are made of Iron",
color = "#615d5b",
family = "Avenir",
size = 7) +
annotate("text",
x = 10,
y = 48,
label = "18 out of 20 of the largest meteorites that\nhave been found or fallen were made of Iron.",
colour = "#8B8682",
family = "Avenir",
size = 4)
# save file as meteorites02
ggsave(filename = "meteorites02.png", plot = meteorites02,
width = 28, height = 20, unit = "cm")Interactive plot: where are the meteorites in the world?
library(leaflet)
library(forcats)
library(leaflet.extras)
meteorites$class <- factor(meteorites$class)
unique(meteorites$class)## [1] L5 H6
## [3] EH4 Acapulcoite
## [5] L6 LL3-6
## [7] H5 L
## [9] Diogenite-pm Unknown
## [11] H4 H
## [13] Iron, IVA CR2-an
## [15] LL5 CI1
## [17] L/LL4 Eucrite-mmict
## [19] CV3 Ureilite-an
## [21] Stone-uncl L3
## [23] Angrite LL6
## [25] L4 Aubrite
## [27] Iron, IIAB Iron, IAB-sLL
## [29] Iron, ungrouped CM2
## [31] OC Mesosiderite-A1
## [33] LL4 C2-ung
## [35] LL3.8 Howardite
## [37] Eucrite-pmict Diogenite
## [39] LL3.15 LL3.9
## [41] Iron, IAB-MG H/L3.9
## [43] Iron? Eucrite
## [45] H4-an L/LL6
## [47] Iron, IIIAB H/L4
## [49] H4-5 L3.7
## [51] LL3.4 Martian (chassignite)
## [53] EL6 H3.8
## [55] H3-5 H5-6
## [57] Mesosiderite H5-7
## [59] L3-6 H4-6
## [61] Ureilite Iron, IID
## [63] Mesosiderite-A3/4 CO3.3
## [65] H3 EH3/4-an
## [67] Iron, IIE L/LL5
## [69] H3.7 CBa
## [71] H4/5 H3/4
## [73] H? H3-6
## [75] L3.4 Iron, IAB-sHL
## [77] L3.7-6 EH7-an
## [79] Iron CR2
## [81] CO3.2 K3
## [83] L5/6 CK4
## [85] Iron, IIE-an L3.6
## [87] LL3.2 Pallasite
## [89] CO3.5 Lodranite
## [91] Mesosiderite-A3 L3-4
## [93] H5/6 Pallasite, PMG
## [95] Eucrite-cm L5-6
## [97] CO3.6 Martian (nakhlite)
## [99] LL3.6 C3-ung
## [101] H3-4 CO3.4
## [103] EH3 Iron, IAB-ung
## [105] Winonaite LL
## [107] Eucrite-br Iron, IIF
## [109] R3.8-6 L4-6
## [111] EH5 LL3.00
## [113] H3.4 Martian (shergottite)
## [115] Achondrite-ung LL3.3
## [117] C H/L3.6
## [119] Iron, IIIAB-an LL7
## [121] Mesosiderite-B2 LL4-6
## [123] CO3.7 L/LL6-an
## [125] Iron, IAB complex Pallasite, PMG-an
## [127] H3.9/4 L3.8
## [129] LL5-6 LL3.8-6
## [131] L3.9 L4-5
## [133] L3-5 LL4/5
## [135] L4/5 H3.9
## [137] H3.6-6 H3.8-5
## [139] H3.8/4 H3.9-5
## [141] CH3 R3.8-5
## [143] L3.9/4 E4
## [145] CO3 Chondrite-ung
## [147] H~5 H~6
## [149] L/LL3.10 EL5
## [151] LL3 L~6
## [153] L~3 H~4
## [155] L(LL)3.5-3.7 Iron, IIIE-an
## [157] H3.6 L3.4-3.7
## [159] L3.5 CM1/2
## [161] Martian (OPX) Brachinite
## [163] LL7(?) LL6(?)
## [165] Eucrite-Mg rich H3.5-4
## [167] EL3 R3.6
## [169] H3.5 CM1
## [171] L/LL3 H7
## [173] L(?)3 L3.2
## [175] L3.7-3.9 Mesosiderite-B1
## [177] Eucrite-unbr LL3.7
## [179] CO3.0 LL3.5
## [181] L3.7-4 CV3-an
## [183] Lunar (anorth) L3.3
## [185] Iron, IAB-sLM Lunar
## [187] Iron, IC Iron, IID-an
## [189] Iron, IIIE Iron, IVA-an
## [191] CK6 L3.1
## [193] CK5 H3.3
## [195] H3.7-6 E6
## [197] H3.0 H3.1
## [199] L3.0 L/LL3.4
## [201] C6 LL3.0
## [203] Lunar (gabbro) R4
## [205] C4 Iron, IIG
## [207] Iron, IIC C1-ung
## [209] H5-an EH4/5
## [211] Iron, IIIF R3-6
## [213] Mesosiderite-B4 L6/7
## [215] Relict H L-imp melt
## [217] CK3 H3-an
## [219] Iron, IVB R3.8
## [221] L~5 Mesosiderite-an
## [223] Mesosiderite-A2 Pallasite, PES
## [225] C4-ung Iron, IAB?
## [227] Mesosiderite-A R3.5-6
## [229] H3.9-6 Ureilite-pmict
## [231] LL~6 CK4/5
## [233] EL4 Lunar (feldsp. breccia)
## [235] L3.9-6 H-an
## [237] L/LL3-6 L/LL3-5
## [239] H/L3.5 H/L3
## [241] R3-4 CK3-an
## [243] LL4-5 H/L6
## [245] L3/4 H-imp melt
## [247] CR Chondrite-fusion crust
## [249] Iron, IAB-sLH H(L)3-an
## [251] L(LL)3 H(L)3
## [253] R3 L7
## [255] CM-an L/LL~6
## [257] L/LL~5 L~4
## [259] L/LL~4 LL(L)3
## [261] H3.2 L-melt breccia
## [263] H6-melt breccia H5-melt breccia
## [265] H-melt rock Eucrite-an
## [267] Lunar (bas/anor) LL5/6
## [269] LL3/4 H3.4/3.5
## [271] Lunar (basalt) H/L5
## [273] H(5?) LL-imp melt
## [275] Mesosiderite? H~4/5
## [277] L6-melt breccia L3.5-3.7
## [279] Iron, IIAB-an L3.3-3.7
## [281] L3.2-3.6 L3.3-3.6
## [283] Acapulcoite/Lodranite Mesosiderite-B
## [285] CK5/6 L3.05
## [287] C2 C4/5
## [289] L/LL3.2 Iron, IIIAB?
## [291] L3.5-5 L/LL(?)3
## [293] H4(?) Iron, IAB-sHH
## [295] Relict iron EL4/5
## [297] L5-7 Diogenite-an
## [299] L-melt rock CR1
## [301] E H-metal
## [303] L-metal Relict OC
## [305] EH Mesosiderite-A4
## [307] L/LL5/6 H3.8-4
## [309] CBb EL6/7
## [311] EL7 CH/CBb
## [313] CO3.8 H/L~4
## [315] Mesosiderite-C2 R5
## [317] H4/6 H3.7-5
## [319] LL3.7-6 H3.7/3.8
## [321] L3.7/3.8 EH-imp melt
## [323] R Fusion crust
## [325] Aubrite-an R6
## [327] LL-melt rock L3.5-3.9
## [329] L3.2-3.5 L3.3-3.5
## [331] L3.0-3.7 E3-an
## [333] K E3
## [335] Acapulcoite/lodranite CK4-an
## [337] L(LL)3.05 L3.10
## [339] CB Diogenite-olivine
## [341] EL-melt rock EH6
## [343] Pallasite, ungrouped L/LL4/5
## [345] L3.8-an Iron, IAB-an
## [347] C5/6-ung CV2
## [349] Iron, IC-an Lunar (bas. breccia)
## [351] L3.8-6 R3/4
## [353] R3.9 CK
## [355] LL3.10 R4/5
## [357] L3.8-5 Mesosiderite-C
## [359] Enst achon H/L3-4
## [361] L(H)3 LL6/7
## [363] LL3.1 OC3
## [365] R3.7 LL~4
## [367] LL~4/5 L(LL)~4
## [369] H3.05 H3.10
## [371] Impact melt breccia LL3-5
## [373] H/L3.7 LL3-4
## [375] CK3/4 Martian
## [377] CO3.1 Lunar (bas/gab brec)
## [379] Achondrite-prim LL<3.5
## [381] CK3.8 L/LL-melt rock
## [383] H6/7 Iron, IAB-sHL-an
## [385] CM2-an R3-5
## [387] L4-melt rock L6-melt rock
## [389] H/L4/5 EL3/4
## [391] H/L6-melt rock Enst achon-ung
## [393] L3-7 R3.4
## [395] LL3.05 LL4/6
## [397] LL3.8-4 H3.15
## [399] C3.0-ung LL-melt breccia
## [401] LL6-melt breccia L5-melt breccia
## [403] LL(L)3.1 LL6-an
## [405] L4-melt breccia Howardite-an
## [407] H4-melt breccia Martian (basaltic breccia)
## [409] L3-melt breccia L~4-6
## [411] LL~5 R3.5-4
## [413] CR7 H-melt breccia
## [415] Lunar (norite) L3.00
## [417] H3.0-3.4 L/LL4-6
## [419] CM EH7
## [421] L4-an E-an
## [423] H3.8/3.9 L3.9-5
## [425] H3.8-6 H3.4-5
## [427] L3.0-3.9 L3.5-3.8
## [429] H3.2-3.7 L3.6-4
## [431] Iron, IIE? C3/4-ung
## [433] L/LL3.5 L/LL3.6/3.7
## [435] H/L4-5 LL~3
## [437] Pallasite? LL5-7
## [439] LL3.9/4 H3.8-an
## [441] CR-an L/LL5-6
## [443] L(LL)5 L(LL)6
## [445] LL3.1-3.5 E5
## [447] Lodranite-an H3.2-6
## [449] H(?)4 E5-an
## [451] H3.2-an EH6-an
## [453] Stone-ung C1/2-ung
## [455] L/LL
## 455 Levels: Acapulcoite Acapulcoite/lodranite ... Winonaitestony_chondrites_carbonaceous <- c("CR2-an", "CI1", "CV3", "CM2", "OC", "C2-ung",
"CO3.3", "CBa", "CR2", "CO3.2", "CK4", "CO3.5",
"CO3.6", "C3-ung", "CO3.4", "C", "CO3.7", "CH3",
"CO3", "CM1/2", "CM1", "CO3.0", "CV3-an", "CK6",
"CK5", "C6", "C4", "C1-ung", "CK3", "C4-ung",
"CK4/5", "CK3-an", "CR", "CM-an", "CK5/6", "C2",
"C4/5", "CR1", "Relict OC", "CBb", "CH/CBb",
"CO3.8", "CK4-an", "CB", "C5/6-ung", "CV2",
"CK", "OC3", "CK3/4", "CO3.1", "CK3.8", "CM2-an",
"C3.0-ung", "CR7", "CM", "C3/4-ung", "CR-an", "C1/2-ung")
stony_chondrites_ordinary <- c("L5", "H6", "L6", "LL3-6", "H5", "L", "H4", "H",
"LL5", "L/LL4", "L3", "LL6", "L4", "LL4", "LL3.8",
"LL3.15", "LL3.9", "H/L3.9", "H4-an", "L/LL6", "H/L4",
"H4-5", "L3.7", "LL3.4", "H3.8", "H3-5", "H5-6", "H5-7",
"L3-6", "H4-6", "H3", "L/LL5", "H3.7", "H4/5", "H3/4", "H?",
"H3-6", "L3.4", "L3.7-6", "L5/6", "L3.6", "LL3.2", "L3-4",
"H5/6", "L5-6", "LL3.6", "H3-4", "LL", "L4-6", "LL3.00" ,
"H3.4", "LL3.3", "H/L3.6", "LL7", "LL4-6", "L/LL6-an",
"H3.9/4", "L3.8", "LL5-6", "LL3.8-6", "L3.9", "L4-5",
"L3-5", "LL4/5", "L4/5", "H3.9", "H3.6-6", "H3.8-5",
"H3.8/4", "H3.9-5", "L3.9/4", "H~5", "H~6", "L/LL3.10",
"LL3", "L~6", "L~3", "H~4", "L(LL)3.5-3.7", "H3.6", "L3.4-3.7",
"L3.5", "LL7(?)", "LL6(?)", "H3.5-4", "H3.5", "L/LL3",
"H7", "L(?)3", "L3.2", "L3.7-3.9", "LL3.7", "LL3.5",
"L3.7-4", "L3.3", "L3.1", "H3.3", "H3.7-6", "H3.0", "H3.1",
"L3.0", "L/LL3.4", "LL3.0", "H5-an", "L6/7", "Relict H",
"L-imp melt", "H3-an", "L~5", "H3.9-6", "LL~6", "L3.9-6",
"H-an", "L/LL3-6", "L/LL3-5", "H/L3.5", "H/L3", "LL4-5",
"H/L6", "L3/4", "H-imp melt", "H(L)3-an", "L(LL)3",
"H(L)3", "L7", "L/LL~6", "L/LL~5", "L~4", "L/LL~4",
"LL(L)3 ", "H3.2", "L-melt breccia", "H6-melt breccia",
"H5-melt breccia", "H-melt rock", "LL5/6", "LL3/4",
"H3.4/3.5", "H/L5", "H(5?)", "LL-imp melt", "H~4/5",
"L6-melt breccia", "L3.5-3.7", "L3.3-3.7", "L3.2-3.6",
"L3.3-3.6", "L3.05", "L/LL3.2", "L3.5-5", "L/LL(?)3",
"H4(?)", "L5-7", "L-melt rock", "H-metal", "L-metal",
"L/LL5/6", "H3.8-4", "H/L~4", "H4/6", "H3.7-5", "LL3.7-6",
"H3.7/3.8", "L3.7/3.8", "LL-melt rock", "L3.5-3.9",
"L3.2-3.5", "L3.3-3.5", "L3.0-3.7", "L(LL)3.05", "L3.10",
"L/LL4/5", "L3.8-an", "L3.8-6", "LL3.10", "L3.8-5",
"H/L3-4", "L(H)3", "LL6/7", "LL3.1", "LL~4", "LL~4/5",
"L(LL)~4", "H3.05", "H3.10", "LL3-5", "H/L3.7",
"LL3-4", "LL<3.5", "L/LL-melt rock", "H6/7", "L4-melt rock",
"L6-melt rock", "H/L4/5", "H/L6-melt rock", "L3-7", "LL3.05",
"LL4/6", "LL3.8-4", "H3.15", "LL-melt breccia", "LL6-melt breccia",
"L5-melt breccia", "LL(L)3.1", "LL6-an", "L4-melt breccia",
"H4-melt breccia", "L3-melt breccia", "L~4-6", "LL~5",
"H-melt breccia", "L3.00", "H3.0-3.4", "L/LL4-6",
"L4-an", "H3.8/3.9", "L3.9-5", "H3.8-6", "H3.4-5",
"L3.0-3.9", "L3.5-3.8", "H3.2-3.7", "L3.6-4", "L/LL3.5",
"L/LL3.6/3.7", "H/L4-5", "LL~3", "LL5-7", "LL3.9/4", "H3.8-an",
"L/LL5-6", "L(LL)5", "L(LL)6", "LL3.1-3.5", "H3.2-6",
"H(?)4", "H3.2-an", "L/LL", "LL(L)3")
stony_chondrites_enstatite <- c("EH4", "EL6", "EH3/4-an", "EH7-an", "EH3", "EH5",
"E4", "EL5", "EL3", "E6", "EH4/5", "EL4", "EL4/5",
"E", "EH", "EL6/7", "EL7", "EH-imp melt", "E3-an", "E3",
"EH6", "EL-melt rock", "EL3/4", "EH7", "E-an", "E5",
"E5-an", "EH6-an")
stony_chondrites <- c("Stone-uncl", "K3", "R3.8-6", "R3.8-5", "Chondrite-ung", "R3.6",
"R4", "R3-6", "R3.8", "R3.5-6", "R3-4", "Chondrite-fusion crust",
"R3", "R5", "R", "Fusion crust", "R6", "K", "R3/4", "R3.9", "R4/5",
"R3.7", "R3-5", "R3.4", "R3.5-4")
stony_primitive_achondrites <- c("Acapulcoite", "Ureilite-an", "Ureilite", "Lodranite",
"Winonaite", "Brachinite", "Ureilite-pmict",
"Acapulcoite/Lodranite", "Acapulcoite/lodranite",
"Achondrite-prim", "Lodranite-an")
stony_achondrites <- c("Diogenite-pm", "Eucrite-mmict", "Angrite", "Aubrite", "Howardite",
"Eucrite-pmict", "Diogenite", "Eucrite", "Martian (chassignite)",
"Eucrite-cm", "Martian (nakhlite)", "Eucrite-br", "Martian (shergottite)",
"Achondrite-ung", "Martian (OPX)", "Eucrite-Mg rich", "Eucrite-unbr",
"Lunar (anorth)", "Lunar", "Lunar (gabbro)", "Lunar (feldsp. breccia)",
"Eucrite-an", "Lunar (bas/anor)", "Lunar (basalt)", "Diogenite-an",
"Aubrite-an", "Diogenite-olivine", "Lunar (bas. breccia)", "Enst achon",
"Impact melt breccia", "Martian", "Lunar (bas/gab brec)", "Enst achon-ung",
"Howardite-an", "Martian (basaltic breccia)", "Lunar (norite)",
"Stone-ung")
stony_iron_achondrites <- c("Mesosiderite-A1", "Mesosiderite", "Mesosiderite-A3/4",
"Pallasite", "Mesosiderite-A3", "Pallasite, PMG", "Mesosiderite-B2",
"Pallasite, PMG-an", "Mesosiderite-B1", "Mesosiderite-B4",
"Mesosiderite-an", "Mesosiderite-A2", "Pallasite, PES",
"Mesosiderite-A", "Mesosiderite?", "Mesosiderite-B",
"Mesosiderite-A4", "Mesosiderite-C2", "Pallasite, ungrouped",
"Mesosiderite-C", "Pallasite?")
iron_achondrites <- c("Iron, IVA", "Iron, IIAB", "Iron, IAB-sLL", "Iron, ungrouped",
"Iron, IAB-MG", "Iron?", "Iron, IIIAB", "Iron, IID", "Iron, IIE",
"Iron, IAB-sHL", "Iron", "Iron, IIE-an", "Iron, IAB-ung", "Iron, IIF",
"Iron, IIIAB-an", "Iron, IAB complex", "Iron, IIIE-an", "Iron, IAB-sLM",
"Iron, IC", "Iron, IID-an", "Iron, IIIE", "Iron, IVA-an", "Iron, IIG",
"Iron, IIC", "Iron, IIIF", "Iron, IVB", "Iron, IAB?", "Iron, IAB-sLH",
"Iron, IIAB-an", "Iron, IIIAB?", "Iron, IAB-sHH", "Relict iron",
"Iron, IAB-an", "Iron, IC-an", "Iron, IAB-sHL-an", "Iron, IIE?")
other_unknown <- c("Unknown")
meteorites_class <- fct_collapse(meteorites$class,
scc = stony_chondrites_carbonaceous,
sco = stony_chondrites_ordinary,
sce = stony_chondrites_enstatite,
sc = stony_chondrites,
spa = stony_primitive_achondrites,
sa = stony_achondrites,
sia = stony_iron_achondrites,
ia = iron_achondrites,
ou = other_unknown)## Warning: Unknown levels in `f`: LL(L)3meteorites$class <- as.factor(meteorites_class)
levels(meteorites_class)## [1] "spa" "sa" "scc" "sc" "sce" "sco" "ia" "sia" "ou"labels <- c("Stony Primitive Achondrites",
"Stony Achondrites",
"Stony Chondrites - Carbonaceous",
"Stony Chondrites",
"Stony Chondrites - Enstatite",
"Stony Chondrites - Ordinary",
"Iron Achondrites",
"Stony Iron Achondrites",
"Other / Unknown")
# create bins for color palette
bins <- c(0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 150, Inf)
# create palette
palette <- colorFactor("Paired", domain = meteorites$class)
mytext <- paste(meteorites$name,
"<br/>",
meteorites$year,
"<br/>",
"Size (kg): ", (meteorites$mass)/1000,
"<br/>",
sep="") %>%
lapply(htmltools::HTML)
leaflet(meteorites) %>%
addProviderTiles(providers$CartoDB.DarkMatter) %>%
setView(lat = 20, lng = 0, zoom = 1.6) %>%
addCircleMarkers(~long, ~lat, # Points for circles
fillColor = ~palette(class),
fillOpacity = 0.7, # make opaque
color = "white", # colour of edge?
radius = ~log(mass), # radius
stroke = FALSE, # no edge on circles
weight = 1,# hmm edge of lines?
clusterOptions = markerClusterOptions(
disableClusteringAtZoom = 4,
spiderfyOnMaxZoom = F
),
label = mytext,
labelOptions = labelOptions(style = list("font-weight" = "normal",
padding = "3px 8px"),
textsize = "13px",
direction = "auto")) %>%
addLegend(position = "bottomright",
pal = palette,
values = ~class,
title = "Class of Meteorite",
opacity = 1,
labFormat = function(type, cuts, p) { # Here's the trick
paste0(labels)
}
) ## Warning in validateCoords(lng, lat, funcName): Data contains 7315 rows with
## either missing or invalid lat/lon values and will be ignoredSankey diagram
library(networkD3)##
## Attaching package: 'networkD3'## The following object is masked from 'package:leaflet':
##
## JSlibrary(devtools)
#install_github("Displayr/flipPlots") #install from github
library(flipPlots)
library(plyr)## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------## You have loaded plyr after dplyr - this is likely to cause problems.
## If you need functions from both plyr and dplyr, please load plyr first, then dplyr:
## library(plyr); library(dplyr)## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------##
## Attaching package: 'plyr'## The following object is masked from 'package:maps':
##
## ozone## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## arrange, count, desc, failwith, id, mutate, rename, summarise,
## summarizelibrary(dplyr)
# remove zero values
zero_values <- which(meteorites$mass == 0)
meteorites_all <- meteorites[-zero_values, ]
# remove NAs for mass
meteorites_all <- meteorites %>%
na.omit()
# how many meteorites have fallen?
fallen <- meteorites_all %>%
filter(fall == "Fell") %>%
dplyr::summarise(Count = n())
# how many meteorites have been found?
found <- meteorites_all %>%
filter(fall == "Found") %>%
dplyr::summarise(Count = n())
summary(meteorites_all$mass)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0 7 29 15601 187 60000000hist(meteorites_all$mass, breaks = 10, freq = T)
# how many meteorites in each class
meteorites_all_class <- fct_collapse(meteorites_all$class,
scc = stony_chondrites_carbonaceous,
sco = stony_chondrites_ordinary,
sce = stony_chondrites_enstatite,
sc = stony_chondrites,
spa = stony_primitive_achondrites,
sa = stony_achondrites,
sia = stony_iron_achondrites,
ia = iron_achondrites,
ou = other_unknown)## Warning: Unknown levels in `f`: CR2-an, CI1, CV3, CM2, OC, C2-ung, CO3.3, CBa,
## CR2, CO3.2, CK4, CO3.5, CO3.6, C3-ung, CO3.4, C, CO3.7, CH3, CO3, CM1/2, CM1,
## CO3.0, CV3-an, CK6, CK5, C6, C4, C1-ung, CK3, C4-ung, CK4/5, CK3-an, CR, CM-
## an, CK5/6, C2, C4/5, CR1, Relict OC, CBb, CH/CBb, CO3.8, CK4-an, CB, C5/6-ung,
## CV2, CK, OC3, CK3/4, CO3.1, CK3.8, CM2-an, C3.0-ung, CR7, CM, C3/4-ung, CR-
## an, C1/2-ung, L5, H6, L6, LL3-6, H5, L, H4, H, LL5, L/LL4, L3, LL6, L4, LL4,
## LL3.8, LL3.15, LL3.9, H/L3.9, H4-an, L/LL6, H/L4, H4-5, L3.7, LL3.4, H3.8, H3-5,
## H5-6, H5-7, L3-6, H4-6, H3, L/LL5, H3.7, H4/5, H3/4, H?, H3-6, L3.4, L3.7-6,
## L5/6, L3.6, LL3.2, L3-4, H5/6, L5-6, LL3.6, H3-4, LL, L4-6, LL3.00, H3.4,
## LL3.3, H/L3.6, LL7, LL4-6, L/LL6-an, H3.9/4, L3.8, LL5-6, LL3.8-6, L3.9, L4-5,
## L3-5, LL4/5, L4/5, H3.9, H3.6-6, H3.8-5, H3.8/4, H3.9-5, L3.9/4, H~5, H~6, L/
## LL3.10, LL3, L~6, L~3, H~4, L(LL)3.5-3.7, H3.6, L3.4-3.7, L3.5, LL7(?), LL6(?),
## H3.5-4, H3.5, L/LL3, H7, L(?)3, L3.2, L3.7-3.9, LL3.7, LL3.5, L3.7-4, L3.3,
## L3.1, H3.3, H3.7-6, H3.0, H3.1, L3.0, L/LL3.4, LL3.0, H5-an, L6/7, Relict H, L-
## imp melt, H3-an, L~5, H3.9-6, LL~6, L3.9-6, H-an, L/LL3-6, L/LL3-5, H/L3.5, H/
## L3, LL4-5, H/L6, L3/4, H-imp melt, H(L)3-an, L(LL)3, H(L)3, L7, L/LL~6, L/LL~5,
## L~4, L/LL~4, LL(L)3 , H3.2, L-melt breccia, H6-melt breccia, H5-melt breccia,
## H-melt rock, LL5/6, LL3/4, H3.4/3.5, H/L5, H(5?), LL-imp melt, H~4/5, L6-melt
## breccia, L3.5-3.7, L3.3-3.7, L3.2-3.6, L3.3-3.6, L3.05, L/LL3.2, L3.5-5, L/
## LL(?)3, H4(?), L5-7, L-melt rock, H-metal, L-metal, L/LL5/6, H3.8-4, H/L~4,
## H4/6, H3.7-5, LL3.7-6, H3.7/3.8, L3.7/3.8, LL-melt rock, L3.5-3.9, L3.2-3.5,
## L3.3-3.5, L3.0-3.7, L(LL)3.05, L3.10, L/LL4/5, L3.8-an, L3.8-6, LL3.10, L3.8-5,
## H/L3-4, L(H)3, LL6/7, LL3.1, LL~4, LL~4/5, L(LL)~4, H3.05, H3.10, LL3-5, H/
## L3.7, LL3-4, LL<3.5, L/LL-melt rock, H6/7, L4-melt rock, L6-melt rock, H/L4/5,
## H/L6-melt rock, L3-7, LL3.05, LL4/6, LL3.8-4, H3.15, LL-melt breccia, LL6-melt
## breccia, L5-melt breccia, LL(L)3.1, LL6-an, L4-melt breccia, H4-melt breccia,
## L3-melt breccia, L~4-6, LL~5, H-melt breccia, L3.00, H3.0-3.4, L/LL4-6, L4-
## an, H3.8/3.9, L3.9-5, H3.8-6, H3.4-5, L3.0-3.9, L3.5-3.8, H3.2-3.7, L3.6-4, L/
## LL3.5, L/LL3.6/3.7, H/L4-5, LL~3, LL5-7, LL3.9/4, H3.8-an, L/LL5-6, L(LL)5,
## L(LL)6, LL3.1-3.5, H3.2-6, H(?)4, H3.2-an, L/LL, LL(L)3, EH4, EL6, EH3/4-an,
## EH7-an, EH3, EH5, E4, EL5, EL3, E6, EH4/5, EL4, EL4/5, E, EH, EL6/7, EL7, EH-
## imp melt, E3-an, E3, EH6, EL-melt rock, EL3/4, EH7, E-an, E5, E5-an, EH6-an,
## Stone-uncl, K3, R3.8-6, R3.8-5, Chondrite-ung, R3.6, R4, R3-6, R3.8, R3.5-6,
## R3-4, Chondrite-fusion crust, R3, R5, R, Fusion crust, R6, K, R3/4, R3.9,
## R4/5, R3.7, R3-5, R3.4, R3.5-4, Acapulcoite, Ureilite-an, Ureilite, Lodranite,
## Winonaite, Brachinite, Ureilite-pmict, Acapulcoite/Lodranite, Acapulcoite/
## lodranite, Achondrite-prim, Lodranite-an, Diogenite-pm, Eucrite-mmict, Angrite,
## Aubrite, Howardite, Eucrite-pmict, Diogenite, Eucrite, Martian (chassignite),
## Eucrite-cm, Martian (nakhlite), Eucrite-br, Martian (shergottite), Achondrite-
## ung, Martian (OPX), Eucrite-Mg rich, Eucrite-unbr, Lunar (anorth), Lunar,
## Lunar (gabbro), Lunar (feldsp. breccia), Eucrite-an, Lunar (bas/anor), Lunar
## (basalt), Diogenite-an, Aubrite-an, Diogenite-olivine, Lunar (bas. breccia),
## Enst achon, Impact melt breccia, Martian, Lunar (bas/gab brec), Enst achon-
## ung, Howardite-an, Martian (basaltic breccia), Lunar (norite), Stone-ung,
## Mesosiderite-A1, Mesosiderite, Mesosiderite-A3/4, Pallasite, Mesosiderite-
## A3, Pallasite, PMG, Mesosiderite-B2, Pallasite, PMG-an, Mesosiderite-B1,
## Mesosiderite-B4, Mesosiderite-an, Mesosiderite-A2, Pallasite, PES, Mesosiderite-
## A, Mesosiderite?, Mesosiderite-B, Mesosiderite-A4, Mesosiderite-C2, Pallasite,
## ungrouped, Mesosiderite-C, Pallasite?, Iron, IVA, Iron, IIAB, Iron, IAB-sLL,
## Iron, ungrouped, Iron, IAB-MG, Iron?, Iron, IIIAB, Iron, IID, Iron, IIE, Iron,
## IAB-sHL, Iron, Iron, IIE-an, Iron, IAB-ung, Iron, IIF, Iron, IIIAB-an, Iron, IAB
## complex, Iron, IIIE-an, Iron, IAB-sLM, Iron, IC, Iron, IID-an, Iron, IIIE, Iron,
## IVA-an, Iron, IIG, Iron, IIC, Iron, IIIF, Iron, IVB, Iron, IAB?, Iron, IAB-sLH,
## Iron, IIAB-an, Iron, IIIAB?, Iron, IAB-sHH, Relict iron, Iron, IAB-an, Iron, IC-
## an, Iron, IAB-sHL-an, Iron, IIE?, Unknownmeteorites_all$class <- as.factor(meteorites_all_class)
levels(meteorites_all$class)## [1] "spa" "sa" "scc" "sc" "sce" "sco" "ia" "sia" "ou"meteorites_all$class <- revalue(meteorites_all$class,
c("scc" = "Stony Chondrites - Carbonaceous",
"sco" = "Stony Chondrites - Ordinary",
"sce" = "Stony Chondrites - Enstatite",
"sc" = "Stony Chondrites",
"spa" = "Stony Primitive Achondrites",
"sa" = "Stony Achondrites",
"sia" = "Stony-Iron Achondrites",
"ia" = "Iron Achondrites",
"ou" = "Other / Unknown"))
meteorites_all$fall <- as.factor(meteorites_all$fall)
meteorites_all$masscat <- cut(meteorites_all$mass, c(-1, 49, 99, 999, 9999, Inf),
labels = c("0-49g", "50-99g", "100g-999g", "1kg-9.999kg", "10kg-60 tonnes"))
classes <- meteorites_all %>%
group_by(fall, masscat, class) %>%
dplyr::summarise(Count = n())## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'fall', 'masscat'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.colourpalette <- c("grey80", "grey60",
"#AED6F1", "#5DADE2", "#3498DB", "#2E86C1", "#2874A6",
"red", "purple", "orange", "pink", "green", "darkgreen", "yellow", "coral")
SankeyDiagram(classes[ ,-4],
link.color = "Source",
weights = classes$Count,
label.show.counts = TRUE,
label.show.varname = F,
font.family = "Avenir",
hovertext.show.percentages = T,
sinks.right = F,
colors = colourpalette)